語(yǔ)法填空是通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇在語(yǔ)境中考察語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力,我們?cè)诮忸}前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意,有把握的空格可以先進(jìn)行填寫(xiě).在讀懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上,再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境去逐句分析,逐題解答.下面按題型設(shè)計(jì)分三種情況:

　　一,純空格試題的解題技巧

　　純空格填空題主要是填冠詞,介詞,代詞,連接詞(含從屬連詞和并列連詞)等虛詞.

　　首先,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)句子所缺成分確定填哪類(lèi)詞.然后,根據(jù)句子意思,確定具體填什么詞;或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞.共有以下7個(gè)技巧:

　　技巧1:在簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句中,若句子缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),一定是填代詞.

　　例1.I can't send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _it gets there almost in a second.

　　技巧2:名詞前面,若沒(méi)有限定詞(冠詞,形容詞性物主代詞,不定代詞等),很可能是填限定詞.

　　例2. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help _his_rice crop grow up quickly.

　　例3.…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__a__small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.

　　技巧3:名詞或代詞在句中不作主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),其前面,一定是填介詞.

　　例4.…who should have the honour of receiving me _as_a guest in their house.

　　技巧4: 若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞,可能是填連詞.

　　例5.…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso__and__Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

　　例6…all I saw was this beautiful girls, whose smile just melted me __and_ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.

　　技巧5: 若兩個(gè)句子(即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間沒(méi)有連詞,也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào),一定是填并列連詞(連接并列的句子)或從屬連詞(連接定語(yǔ)從句,名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句).

　　例7:The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini ___who_died in 1926.

　　例8:In Japan,for example,it is normal for the woman tosend chocolates to the man while/but in Korea April 14th is known as "Black Day".

　　例9:He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, _but___ he felt very happy.

　　技巧6: 由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞.

　　(1) 由it is … that… 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的形式,判斷it 還是that.判斷方法:去掉it is … that…結(jié)構(gòu),句子還是一個(gè)完整的句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型.

　　(2) 由it 作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的句式判斷,空格是否填it.

　　例10:…and ___it__ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn't eat MSG (味精).

　　例11:… as ___it__ took them just three minuts to steal paintings by two worls-famous artists..

　　例12:Dating sites also makes___it__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.

　　(3) 在倒裝句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等詞.

　　例13:__Only___ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

　　(4) so / such …that…句型

　　例14:This made the goat so jealous ___that___ it began plotting against the donkey.

　　(5) more …than…(與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……,比……更……)句型.

　　例15:Cynthia's story shows vividly that people rememberr more how much a manager cares ___than____ how much he pays.

　　二,給出了動(dòng)詞的試題解題技巧

　　首先,判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.然后按照以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考.

　　技巧7:若句子沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài).

　　例16:When I die, I will give (give) everything to you.

　　例17:That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,_closed__(close) my book and walked away.

　　例18:In Loganm three people _were taken_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.

　　例19: Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in (result) the countrary to our intention.

　　例20: Now,Valentine"s Day is celebrated(celebrate) in many countries around the world.

　　技巧8: 若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,又不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.若是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要確定是v-ing形式,-ed形式,還是不定式,確定的方法主要有:

　　(1) 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),通常用v-ing 形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況,用不定式表示具體情況.

　　例21:…but it is not enough only _to memorize_(memorize) rules from a grammar book.

　　例22:Speaking_(speak) out your inner feeling won't make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

　　例23:He wann't used to being taken (take) care of like that.

　　(2) 作目的狀語(yǔ)或在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ),一般用不定式.

　　例24:_To_complete_(complete) the project as planed, we'll have to work two more hours a day.

　　例25:Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely__to succeed_(succeed).

　　(3) 作伴隨狀語(yǔ),通常用分詞,若與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing);若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞(-ed).

　　例26:He saw the stone, __saying_(say) to himself: "the night will be very dark."

　　例27:The headmaster went into the lab, _followed_(follow) by the foreign guests.

　　例28:Problems, depending (depend)on their nature, cause us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear.

　　(4) 無(wú)論非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子作何種成分,若判斷得出其需要用分詞時(shí),分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing);是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞(-ed).

　　例29:While she was getting me.settled (settle) into a tiny but clean room,…

　　例30:Lessons _learned_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.

　　例31:The dinosaur was forced to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal needing (need) less space and food.

　　例32:A room full of candiates for a state examination timed (time) exactly by electronic clocks.

　　例33:It was a presidental talk delivered ( deliver) at a time of…

　　其次,若所給動(dòng)詞既不做謂語(yǔ)也不做非謂語(yǔ),那就是詞的轉(zhuǎn)換題.

　　技巧9: 動(dòng)詞的詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換主要做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ).

　　例34:There are uncomfortable (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.

　　例35:I t came into existence (exist) with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.

　　例36:They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building equipment (equip) to dig holes

　　例37:But a mother in North Cardina said she thought the speech (speak) could have a positive impact.

　　例38:We can have the most supportive (support) parents and the best schools in the world.

　　例39:When China's ancient scientific and technological _achievements_(achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally prefer to the Four Great Inventions.

　　例40:These people have made great _contributions (contribute) to China with their work.

　　例41:…instructors expect students to be familiar with _information_ (inform) in the reading.

　　例42:But Jane knew from past experience that her choice (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

　　三,詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧

　　這類(lèi)題主要是考查名詞,形容詞和副詞,根據(jù)該詞在句中所作句子成分確定用那種形式,具體技巧有以下三種.

　　技巧10: 作表語(yǔ)(在系動(dòng)詞之后),定語(yǔ)(修飾名詞)或賓補(bǔ)(表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)),通常用形容詞形式.

　　例43:The youngster immediately fell _silent_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

　　例44:In a _dangerous_(danger ) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they leart to…

　　例45:Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _interested_(interest) in the subject.

　　例46:This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural (nature) course.

　　技巧11: 修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞,或整個(gè)句子,作狀語(yǔ),用副詞形式.

　　例47:As I looked _colsely (close) at this girl, I found that…

　　例48:There must be something _seriously_(serious) wrong with our society.

　　例49:Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _mainly (main) because their busy lifesytyles leave them little time…

　　例50:Fortunately (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.

　　技巧12: 有的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題,詞類(lèi)或詞性不一定要變,主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系,在詞根前加un-, im-, in-等,在詞根后加-less等.

　　例51: People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _useless_(use).

　　例52:Your mistake caused a lot of _unnecessary_(necessary) work in the office.

　　例53:Its origins are unclear (clear) and hidden in the river of time.

　　技巧13: 括號(hào)中所給詞若是形容詞或副詞,有可能考查其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí).

　　例54:The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… he jumped even _harder_(hard) and nearly made himself out.

　　例55:The _worst_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.

　　例56:…,but he felt very happy since the crop did "grow" higher (high)

　　以上僅對(duì)語(yǔ)法填空中的主要情況進(jìn)行了概括,在做語(yǔ)法填空題時(shí),還應(yīng)注意英語(yǔ)中的固定句型,固定搭配等.