對(duì)于學(xué)生來說,英語最難學(xué)的就是語法知識(shí)。英語語法條目繁多,難記.而且枯燥無味。學(xué)生說,記了那么多的語法條目,很容易混淆,且不會(huì)用。這怎么辦? 這好辦。學(xué)語法,找規(guī)律,做個(gè)有心人;變復(fù)雜為簡單,巧記固定搭配。下面就部分語法知識(shí)進(jìn)行歸納:
一、非謂語動(dòng)詞
“非謂語動(dòng)詞”可分為動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作謂語外,它可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語與復(fù)合賓語(主語補(bǔ)語或賓語補(bǔ)語)。有些及物動(dòng)詞后面接不帶to的不定式作復(fù)合賓語。這些動(dòng)詞歸納如下:一感(feel).二聽(hear,listen to),三讓(have,1et, make),四看(see,watch,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和look at somebody do something。還有“二讓”屬特殊:get somebody to do something 與keep somebody doing。
而有些及物動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)名詞(the -ing form)作賓語。這些動(dòng)詞歸納為一句話:Papa C makes friends。這是由如下動(dòng)詞的開頭字母組成:permit,advise, practise, avoid, consider, mind, allow, keep, enjoy, suggest, finish,risk,imagine, escape, need, delay, stand(忍受)。 為了容易記住,也可以編成順口溜:“允許完成練習(xí),建議避免冒險(xiǎn),考慮延期逃跑,喜歡保持想象,需要反對(duì)忍受”。其相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞依次是:permit/allow, finish, practise ; advise/suggest, avoid,risk, consider, delay, escape/miss, enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require, mind, can’t help/can’t stand
二、復(fù)合句
1、學(xué)生最容易混淆的是定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。
例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位語從句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定語從句)
關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別在于連接或關(guān)系代詞that:有意義的是定語, 無意義的是同位。因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)定語從句的that在從句中作主語或 賓語,而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that只起到連接詞的作用。
2、接著容易混淆的是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that與 which:that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(shù)(詞)、(形容詞)最高級(jí):which之前是介詞短語與逗號(hào)(非限制性)。
例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
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