3) 這些是具體的知識(shí)，但是青少年吸收理解許多關(guān)于政治系統(tǒng)的不言而喻的假定要更重要一些。這些假定，例如國家可以“適當(dāng)?shù)?rdquo;對(duì)民眾提出什么要求或民眾對(duì)國家提出什么要求，以及政府與學(xué)校、教會(huì)等社會(huì)輔助機(jī)構(gòu)之間“特定的”關(guān)系等，形成了理解政治系統(tǒng)的共同基礎(chǔ)。

　　[要點(diǎn)] 比較結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯;代詞they的翻譯

　　[句法] 由but連接的并列復(fù)合句。than...schools and churches作比較狀語。其中包含that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾assumptions;for example后面的兩個(gè)例子是對(duì)assumptions的補(bǔ)充說明。翻譯注意：因?yàn)閎ut后面的分句主要講absorption，所以有必要在翻譯時(shí)將主語由they調(diào)整為absorption。因此less critical than的比較含義就應(yīng)該按照邏輯順序翻譯為“更重要一些”。

　　[點(diǎn)撥] absorption of a feeling for意為“關(guān)于…的感受的吸收”，如果這樣翻譯將十分拗口，讓人看不明白，因此將absorption和feeling合在一起處理為“吸收理解”。

　　4) 青少年對(duì)政治存有幼稚想法并非源于他們對(duì)“事實(shí)”的忽視，而是由于他們對(duì)政治系統(tǒng)的慣例不完全理解，對(duì)一些常規(guī)和非常規(guī)的做法以及事情該怎么做、為什么做或?yàn)槭裁床蛔龅热狈φJ(rèn)識(shí)。

　　[要點(diǎn)] 定語從句的翻譯;介詞結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯

　　[句法] 復(fù)合句。句子主干由not from...but from...串聯(lián)而成。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾naiveté;名詞結(jié)構(gòu)an incomplete comprehension后跟了三個(gè)of引導(dǎo)的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。翻譯注意：定語從句可以逆向翻譯，省去這個(gè)從句，直接翻譯為“青少年對(duì)政治存有幼稚想法”。of引導(dǎo)的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)由于較長，翻譯時(shí)可重復(fù)其中心詞。

　　5) 像兒童不用掌握排列原則就能學(xué)會(huì)數(shù)數(shù)一樣，青少年也可以在腦海中形成許多隨意而零碎的政治信息，而無需明確理解這些信息背后的概念。

　　[要點(diǎn)] 方式狀語從句的翻譯;定語從句的翻譯

　　[句法] 復(fù)合句。as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句;that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾concepts，采用“前置法”翻譯成“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　[詞法] secure的意思是“安全的;可靠的”，因其與understanding搭配，故引申為“明確理解”。

　　Writing

　　Part A

　　[參考范文]

　　Dear Pain,

　　I have learned with delight that you have been admitted by the famous Tsinghua University as a Master of Science student in Mathematics. I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations.

　　You must be very happy at the good news. I know this is surely owing to your talent and diligence. It is also a reward you richly deserve for your years of hard work. And as your good friend I feel very happy for you, too.

　　Kindly let me know when you are free. I hope that we have time to get together. Wish you a more successful future.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Li Ming

　　[參考范文]

　　On Policy Making

　?、貴rom the picture, we know that a man is weaving a bamboo basket. ②On the one hand, he is going great guns to do his job. ③On the one hand, the baskets already made have formed a small mountain on which spiders are spinning webs. ④Symbolically, the bamboo baskets represent rules and regulations made by the authorities. ⑤Therefore, it can easily be seen that the picture is aiming at the phenomenon that nowadays rules and regulations are frequently made but rarely enforced.

　　⑥There are many reasons accounting for the above phenomenon. ⑦The most contributing one is that some policy makers don't take the reality into consideration when they lay down rules and regulations. As a result, these rules are only found useless. ⑧In addition, official corruption is part of the cause. ⑨To improve performance and get promotion, many officials go astray and mistakenly think that policies they formulate are a direct reflection of their achievements.

　?、釩onsidering the above analysis, I think immediate measures should be taken to prevent the problem from deteriorating. On the one hand, policy makers should never abandon their tradition of doing things in a practical and realistic way. On the other hand, it is necessary for authorities to pay close attention to the enforcement of rules.