*第十八篇 Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics

Most older people with so-called type II diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.

Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body's ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent, the newspaper reported.

This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today, it said.

Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II, all more than60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2

Associate Professor3 Dr. Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilization as the healthy non- exercising persons.

"This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, 4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment," Dela was quoted as saying.6

Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas, controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.

Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without sufficient exercise.

Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of9 the importance of exercise, Dela added.

練習：

1. How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?

A By taking more salt than usual.

B By taking less salt than usual.

C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.

D By going climbing, swimming or boxing every day.

2. Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin by

A 70 per cent. B 30 per cent.

C 60 per cent. D only a few per cent.

3. The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included

A elderly non-diabetic men. B elderly type Ⅱ diabetic mere

C both sexes of all ages. D both A and B.

4. To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect'?

A To the degree where they begin to sweat.

B To the degree where they feel, exhausted.

C To the point when they reel thirsty.

D To the point when they have to take insulin.

5. According to Deta, among most diabetics the importance of exercise is ________________________ the importance

of watching their diet.

A as poorly understood as B as well understood as

C less understood than D better understood than

第十八篇 老年糖尿病患者進行體育鍛煉可以取代胰島素治療

哥本哈根的《貝林時報》周一刊登了一則最新醫(yī)療研究結果稱，大多數(shù)II型老年糖尿病患者只要每周堅持三次輕快的體育鍛煉，每次30分鐘，都可以不用注射胰島素。

報道稱，哥本哈根市中心醫(yī)院Rigshopspitalet肌肉研究中心對糖尿病人進行測試，結果顯示體育鍛煉能將身體利用胰島素的能力提高30%。

據(jù)說，這一結果和大多數(shù)老年糖尿病患者每天接受胰島素治療的療效相同。

研究人員挑選了一組非糖尿病患者，一組II型糖尿病患者，都是60歲以上的男性。這些被試者每周騎自行車鍛煉六次，并持續(xù)了三個月。三個月后，醫(yī)生測量出被試者肌肉能夠利用的血糖總量，以此作為測量他們的胰島素工作狀況如何的標志。

肌肉研究中心副教授弗萊明·德拉醫(yī)生稱，實驗結果顯示，進行體育鍛煉的糖尿病患者胰島素利用率和那些沒有鍛煉的健康人胰島素利用率一樣高。

“這就意味著，兩組被試者的胰島素都是正常工作的。體育鍛煉不能治好患者的糖尿病，但是能最大限度地消除患者癥狀。另外，即使患者不得不接受胰島素治療，體育鍛煉也能盡量推遲這一臨界點，甚至有可能完全避免實施胰島素治療。”德拉醫(yī)生的話像格言一樣被人們所引用。

胰島素是胰腺分泌的一種激素，可以控制體內血糖，預防糖尿病。

德拉解釋說，糖尿病患者只需鍛煉到出汗的程度皆可達到理想的效果。同時他還強調，這種鍛煉必須堅持，如果五天沒有進行有效鍛煉，效果就會消失。

德拉還補充說，大多數(shù)糖尿病患者意識到他們必須控制飲食，卻忽略了體育鍛煉的重要性。

*第二十四篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking.

Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5'10% of men report being Sexually abused as children, while25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).

Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning.

Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4

Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalizeation, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.